![]() " A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications," Díaz-González, Francisco & Sumper, Andreas & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Villafáfila-Robles, Roberto, 2012." Development of grid-responsive buildings: Opportunities, challenges, capabilities and applications of HVAC systems in non-residential buildings in providing ancillary services by fast demand responses,"Īpplied Energy, Elsevier, vol. Wang, Huilong & Wang, Shengwei & Tang, Rui, 2019." Aggregation Potentials for Buildings-Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants,"Įnergies, MDPI, vol. Zheng Ma & Joy Dalmacio Billanes & Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen, 2017." Optimal scheduling of buildings with energy generation and thermal energy storage under dynamic electricity pricing using mixed-integer nonlinear programming,"Īpplied Energy, Elsevier, vol. Lu, Yuehong & Wang, Shengwei & Sun, Yongjun & Yan, Chengchu, 2015." An evaluation of robust controls for passive building thermal mass and mechanical thermal energy storage under uncertainty,"Īpplied Energy, Elsevier, vol. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. " A review of demand side management business models in the electricity market," " Energy flexibility of residential buildings using short term heat storage in the thermal mass,"Įnergy, Elsevier, vol. " Optimal residential users coordination via demand response: An exact distributed framework," de Souza Dutra, Michael David & Alguacil, Natalia, 2020." Stochastic Optimization of Microgrid Participating Day-Ahead Market Operation Strategy with Consideration of Energy Storage System and Demand Response,"Įnergies, MDPI, vol. Huiru Zhao & Hao Lu & Bingkang Li & Xuejie Wang & Shiying Zhang & Yuwei Wang, 2020." A self-learning algorithm for coordinated control of rooftop units in small- and medium-sized commercial buildings,"Īpplied Energy, Elsevier, vol. Zhang, Xiangyu & Pipattanasomporn, Manisa & Rahman, Saifur, 2017." Integration of electric vehicles in smart grid: A review on vehicle to grid technologies and optimization techniques," Tan, Kang Miao & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. ![]() " Optimisation of demand response in electric power systems, a review," Three major limitations in existing research and energy markets are identified as the major challenges for the future development of energy flexible buildings. The analysis of available information technologies and business development indicate great capability and potential of buildings to participate in energy flexibility markets as a practical demand side management instrument. A comprehensive review is presented to summarize and compare various flexibility sources, their characteristics and capabilities in buildings for providing those five different types of energy flexibility. Considering the requirements of response duration, response direction and response speed (within seconds, minutes, or even longer timescale), the flexibility can be categorized as fast regulation, moderate regulation, load shedding, load shifting and load covering. In this paper, a systematic methodology is proposed for categorizing the building energy flexibility according to different power grid requirements. The building sector, as a consumer of large amounts of electricity, has various flexible loads that can be effectively utilized for such purposes if buildings and their energy systems are under proper design and control. The rapid development of remote telemetry, control and communication technologies in smart grids enables the demand side to provide energy flexibility for power grid economy and reliability.
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